Annotation

Free movement of labor resources in terms of globalization is a challenge of the XXI century for small developing countries. The age-sex distribution of active labor resources is changed artificially and forcedly. Therefore, the control of the migration processes is important to avoid mass and long labor flow.

Migration currents are more or less common for any country, with certain features in different countries. The economic growth and development need the supply of resources. The countries rich in human capital develop more swiftly and evenly. One of the main components of the success of economically developed countries of the world is the use of an efficient human resource management system in almost all fields of activity.

Today, the level of development of each country depends on the readiness of human capital to changes, as well as its skills to create and implement them. The leading role should be played by education and science. Nowadays, the fields of education and science must focus on the possibilities. The rational operation of the labor market is possible through permanent human capital investments by the state and private sectors, but with the state playing a leading role in the process. Evaluation of the labor productivity through a macro-economic approach is necessary as much as in this case, the national economy is considered as one single body. The modern system of economics incorporates many associated changes. For instance, an introduction of contemporary achievements in some or other branches of science or technology leads to the relevant changes in other sectors or sections.

Labor resource management and caring about the improvement of their productivity in low-income economies with the goal of the economic development must be one of the priorities. In addition, it must be noted that some of such countries (including Georgia) are not rich in human resources. This is why boosting the productivity and mastering and introducing the new technologies ensure the continuous growth of such countries. The rational management of human resources cannot be done locally, as the free movement of labor resources becomes an attribute of the modern world.

The movement of labor resources has many reasons, but most commonly, it is economic or military conflicts making the population leave their homeland in search of a better future. The work accents the economic aspects of migration and underlines the importance of the formation of a mobile, qualified and dynamic labor market and development. Internal migration is putting the small economies face to face to special problems, contributing to an increased disproportion among the regions. Rational, regular and committed influence of the relevant state bodies on the labor market will make it possible to mitigate the negative outcomes, but the impact must be adequate and well-timed to support the improvement of the regional and global environment as well.

The population of the country always showed the aspiration to get a good education and the number of people with higher education is also great; however, there is incompliance between the knowledge and those skills of the labor resources, not in demand on the labor market. On the other hand, the incompliance is caused by the scarcity of the information about the abode-said market demands, i.e. there is a problem of information asymmetry. One of the reasons for such an asymmetry in the absence of regular research of the labor market.

The reduction in the unemployment level must be real and it must not be realized at the expense of external migration. This is a highly problematic issue for small open economies. It is the active labor mostly leaving the country using their efforts for the economic growth of some economically developed foreign countries, and consequently, the differentiation between the countries increases further resulting in certain humanitarian and other problems on the global scale.

Keywords: globalization, labor market, migration, Gini coefficient, human development index